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The simulated results for high-temperature PEM fuel cells were compared with experimental results from literature. The ohmic loss is taken into consideration through analysis of a representative network circuit simulating the electron and proton conduction in the elements of electrodes and electrolyte, respectively. Therefore, the concentration and activation polarizations are simulated with much less computational work compared to a three-dimensional numerical model. As the major step of the modeling, the average concentrations of gas species in bulk flows as well as in the layers of electrodes are calculated through mass transfer analysis in one-dimensional direction normal to the membrane-electrodes layers. When replacing the mass air flow sensor, make sure the air filter is installed properly.In order to accomplish the objective of studying and optimizing the flow channel geometries and dimensions for high-temperature proton-exchange-membrane (PEM) fuel cells (with operating temperatures above 120 ☌), a mathematical model has been developed in this work. If a sensor is dirty, your mechanic may suggest cleaning it (cleaning the airflow sensor is a delicate procedure) as a temporary solution sometimes it could help. If the air flow sensor is bad, it needs to be replaced. The mass air flow sensor must be cleaned and the air filter must be reinstalled correctly or replaced. Sometimes the debris can fall in during the air filter replacement. Often if an air filter is not installed properly, or the air filter box is not closed, a piece of debris can get sucked into the mass air flow sensor (see this photo) and cause problems. For this reason, the air flow sensor connector terminals as well as the wiring needs to be carefully inspected. The air flow sensor connector could also cause the air flow readings to be out of range. Sometimes a poor electrical connection at
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To use any phone app that connects to your car, you will need a Bluetooth adaptor that plugs into the OBD connector.
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Is there a way to check the mass air flow sensor readings at home? Of course, for example, here we used the free Torque app to measure the mass air flow sensor readings at different RPMs (in the photo). Read more: Vacuum leaks: common sources, symptoms, repairs. That's why mechanics use a known-good sensor to compare the readings.
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Vacuum leaks affect air flow sensor readings too. A clogged up air filter or plugged catalytic converter can also cause lower air flow sensor readings. Low mass air flow readings do not mean the sensor is bad. The air flow depends on the engine volume, so a V6 or V8 engine will have higher readings. Of course, different engines will have different readings. In some rare cases a bad sensor may show higher readings. A contaminated or bad air flow sensor will, in most cases, show lower air flow readings than a known good one. Often mass air flow sensor readings are measured at idle, 1,000 RPM, 2,000 RPM and 3,000 RPM. Mass Airflow Sensor (MAF) readings of a 2.4L 4-cylinder engine at different RPMs. They compare the readings to the specifications or to the readings of a known-good mass airflow sensor. Mechanics measure the amount of air flow (mass air flow sensor readings) at different RPMs. In modern cars, the only way to test the mass air flow sensor is with a scan tool. Trouble codes P0171 System Too Lean (Bank 1) and P0174 System Too Lean (Bank 2) are also often caused by a bad or contaminated mass air flow sensor. P0104 - "Mass Air Flow Circuit Intermittent"
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P0101 - Mass Air Flow Circuit Range/Performance P0100 - Mass Air Flow Circuit Malfunction
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The following trouble codes are usually associated with a mass air flow sensor:
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This trouble code can be retrieved with a scan tool. When the air flow sensor signal varies from the expected range, the PCM records a fault and stores the corresponding trouble code, illuminating the Check Engine light on the dash. In addition, a faulty mass air flow sensor might cause the Check Engine or Service Engine Soon light to come on.Ī problem with the air flow sensor could also alter the shifting pattern of the automatic transmission. As a result, a bad mass air flow sensor causes various driveability problems, including a no-start, stalling, lack of power and poor acceleration. Signs of automatic transmission problems.
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How to check the engine when buying a used car.How to get the best deal on a used car?.What you should know when buying a used car.